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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Infertility and the microbiota.

Lingying Zhang1, Ting Wang2, Na Zhu2

  • 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Journal of Reproductive Immunology
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial imbalances in the reproductive tract and gut are linked to infertility. Understanding these gut and reproductive tract microbiota can lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for infertility.

Keywords:
InfertilityInfertility-associated reproductive disordersMicrobiotaReproductive tract

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The human body hosts a vast array of microbes crucial for health.
  • Infertility is a major public health concern impacting couples' well-being.
  • Reproductive tract microbiota (vagina, uterus, cervix, testes) are vital for pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms linking microbiota dysbiosis to infertility.
  • To explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of microbiota.
  • To analyze microbiota-targeted strategies for infertility treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on reproductive and gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of mechanisms: dysbiosis, immune imbalance, inflammation, signaling pathways.
  • Examination of gender-specific microbiota roles.

Main Results:

  • Reproductive tract and gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to infertility.
  • Mechanisms include altered bacterial ratios, immune dysfunction, and inflammation.
  • Gender-specific microbiota offer diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota dysbiosis is a significant factor in infertility.
  • Targeting microbiota presents a promising avenue for infertility treatment.
  • Future research can pave the way for precision medicine approaches to infertility.