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Counting teeth, countering frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sarah Paul1, Neha Chauhan1, Harsh Priya2
1National Oral Health Program, Center for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.)
|January 24, 2026
Summary
Older adults with fewer than 20 teeth have significantly higher odds of frailty. Maintaining dental health is crucial for preventing frailty and improving quality of life in aging populations.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Oral Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Frailty and tooth loss are major concerns for aging populations.
- Limited evidence exists on the association between remaining teeth and frailty status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between the number of remaining teeth and frail and pre-frail status in older adults.
- To synthesize existing evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases up to May 2024.
- Eleven studies with 18,472 participants aged 60+ were included, assessing frailty and tooth count.
- Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS).
Main Results:
- Individuals with fewer than 20 remaining teeth had 3.6 times higher odds of frailty (OR 3.60, 95% CI: 2.93-4.42).
- Both pre-frailty and frailty were significantly associated with the number of remaining teeth.
- The findings highlight the impact of dental health on overall frailty.
Conclusions:
- A significant association exists between the number of remaining teeth and frailty/pre-frailty in older adults.
- Maintaining oral health may be a strategy to prevent or delay frailty onset.
- Improving dental health can enhance the quality of life for aging individuals.
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