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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Ultra-short term Heart Rate Variability in moderate and severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Karthik Nagaraju1, Kavitha Venkatnarayan1, Rahul Venugopal2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St.John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

Respiratory Medicine
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) is lower in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly during non-REM sleep and hypopneas. These findings highlight HRV

Keywords:
ApneaHeart rate variabilityHypopneaOSAUltra-short term

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves intermittent hypoxia and arousals, leading to sympathetic overactivity and cardiometabolic issues.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key marker of cardiac autonomic regulation, with limited research on ultra-short-term HRV (uST-HRV) in OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between uST-HRV and OSA severity.
  • To explore variations in uST-HRV across different sleep stages and respiratory events in OSA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of adults with moderate to severe OSA.
  • Analysis of 30-second electrocardiographic segments during REM and NREM sleep, and respiratory events.
  • Assessment of time-domain and nonlinear uST-HRV indices.

Main Results:

  • Reduced HRV indices were observed in female, diabetic, and hypertensive participants.
  • uST-HRV was significantly lower in severe OSA compared to moderate OSA.
  • HRV was lower during NREM sleep and hypopneic events compared to REM sleep and apneic events.

Conclusions:

  • uST-HRV is influenced by OSA severity, sleep stage, and respiratory event type.
  • Severe OSA, NREM sleep, and hypopneas are associated with diminished HRV.
  • Findings are limited by the exclusion of mild OSA and focus on short respiratory events.