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Reconstructing Solvation and Interface Dynamics for High-Performance Hydrogel Polymer Zn-S Batteries.

Pengfei Sun1, Shu Zhang1, Chengdong Fang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

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A novel agarose-polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte (APE) enhances zinc-sulfur batteries by optimizing ion transport and zinc plating. This leads to improved stability and performance in high-energy-density battery applications.

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Zn‐S batterieshydrogel electrolyteinterface dynamicssolvation structure reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Zinc-sulfur (Zn-S) batteries offer high theoretical energy density but suffer from poor cycle stability and dendrite formation.
  • Reconstructing solvation and interface dynamics is crucial for improving Zn-S battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced hydrogel electrolyte for high-performance Zn-S batteries.
  • To investigate the impact of the hydrogel structure on ion transport and Zn deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of an interpenetrating and hierarchically porous agarose-polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte (APE).
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity and Zn2+ transference number.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to analyze solvation structure and electric double layer.
  • Electrochemical testing of Zn plating/stripping and Zn-S battery performance.

Main Results:

  • APE exhibits high ionic conductivity (42.1 mS cm-1) and Zn2+ transference number (0.64).
  • Optimized electric double layer formation on the Zn surface, suppressing dendrites and enabling prolonged Zn plating/stripping (1200 h).
  • APE promotes rapid and uniform ZnS nucleation, enhancing battery kinetics.
  • The hydrogel Zn-S batteries achieve a capacity of 895 mAh g-1 with 91% retention over 300 cycles at 5 A g-1.

Conclusions:

  • The developed APE effectively reconstructs solvation and interface dynamics for Zn-S batteries.
  • APE significantly enhances the cycle stability and rate capability of Zn-S batteries.
  • This hydrogel electrolyte presents a promising strategy for next-generation high-performance batteries.