Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in the Deaf Community: A Scoping Review

Despite Alzheimer disease and related dementias/disorders (ADRD) being a substantial public health concern, the Deaf community remains underrepresented in ADRD research. We examined the extent and nature of existing literature on ADRD in the Deaf community. We conducted a scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, adhering to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. We searched 7 databases for peer-reviewed studies published in English, with no restrictions on publication date or study design. Inclusion studies addressed ADRD within the Deaf community and examined aspects such as diagnosis, care, and communication. Our search identified 435 articles, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Studies primarily originated from the United Kingdom and Finland, followed by the United States. Most used qualitative methodologies and explored lived experiences and communication barriers. Common themes included limited access to culturally competent care and caregiving challenges. Few studies highlighted diagnostic interventions but noted a general scarcity of resources tailored to Deaf populations. Notable gaps emerged in geographic focus, the range of studied variables, and the lack of validated sign language-based diagnostic instruments and interventions. We recommend expanding research beyond the Global North (ie, higher-income industrialized countries with greater access to resources), incorporating more longitudinal and intersectional approaches, and tailoring resources for Deaf communities. The review underscores the need for culturally competent care, improved diagnostic tools, and policy reforms to address ADRD-related disparities in the Deaf community. Future research should prioritize inclusive methodologies and community-driven interventions to enhance health outcomes and equity for Deaf individuals affected by ADRD.