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Steam sterilization: Review of autoclaves, validation, instrument packing, and sterility failures

Murugesan Kumaran1, Nirmal Fredrick2, Gagan Dudeja3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Kumaran Eye Speciality Center, Choolaimedu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 25, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Autoclavespackaging materialssteam sterilizationsterilization failuresvalidation

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