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Multifunctional Superwetting Sea-Urchin-Mimetic Nanosheet-Based Interface for Remote Oil-Water Separation.

Surya Kanta Ghadei1,2,3,4, Madhu Bhaskaran1, Sharath Sriram1

  • 1Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 25, 2026
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Summary

A novel bio-inspired composite coating enables contactless, remote oil-water separation for efficient oil spill remediation. This sea-urchin-mimetic material offers extreme water repellency and oil affinity, paving the way for advanced environmental cleanup solutions.

Keywords:
bio‐inspiredcoatingsenvironmental remediationgraphenemembranesuperhydrophobic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Oil spills pose significant environmental and technological challenges, necessitating advanced remediation strategies.
  • Current methods for oil-water separation often lack efficiency, scalability, and on-site applicability.
  • Developing sustainable and effective solutions for oil spill cleanup is an urgent global priority.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional, bio-inspired platform for on-site, remotely actuated, and contactless oil-water separation.
  • To engineer a novel composite material mimicking sea-urchin structures for enhanced separation properties.
  • To integrate this material into a robotic system for autonomous oil recovery in contaminated zones.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a fluorine/silane-free composite using oleic acid-functionalized barium carbonate (FBC) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets.
  • Surface characterization to achieve hierarchical roughness and molecular-level surface energy modulation.
  • Integration of the composite coating onto a Wi-Fi-controlled robotic platform for remote operation.

Main Results:

  • The composite achieved extreme water repellency (WCA > 150°) and instantaneous oil affinity (OCA ≈ 0°), stabilizing a metastable Cassie-Baxter state.
  • Demonstrated high oil uptake capacity (15-65 g/g) with >97% separation efficiency and excellent recyclability.
  • The integrated robotic system enabled contactless, remote oil recovery with high efficiency and corrosion inhibition (>90% in simulated seawater).

Conclusions:

  • The developed sea-urchin-mimetic composite platform offers a transformative approach to oil-water separation and oil spill remediation.
  • The bio-inspired design and remote actuation capabilities establish a new paradigm for adaptive, non-messy, and hazard-free environmental cleanup.
  • This technology holds significant potential for rapid and large-scale application in contaminated marine and aquatic environments.