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Handgrip strength in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study

Seiichi Kobayashi¹, Manabu Ono¹, Masatsugu Ishida¹

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan.

Respiratory Investigation

|January 25, 2026

Abstract

Background:

Skeletal muscle dysfunction frequently accompanies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple, reliable measure of muscle strength. This study aimed to evaluate its prognostic significance in COPD.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study in a cohort of Japanese patients with COPD, stratified by HGS. Patient characteristics, exacerbations, and mortality were evaluated over 5 years. Low HGS was defined as <28 kg in men and <18 kg in women.

Results:

Among 300 patients, 89 (29.7 %) had low HGS. Compared with patients with normal HGS, these patients had a lower body mass index, worse pulmonary function, more severe dyspnea, poorer health status, and reduced physical activity. Exacerbation rates were similar between the groups. Low HGS was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95 % confidence interval, 1.03-3.13).

Conclusions:

Low HGS was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with COPD.

Keywords:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exacerbation Handgrip strength Mortality Muscle weakness

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