Photoinduced Estimation of Imidacloprid in Water and Commercial Samples by Flow Injection Using DPC-H₂SO₄...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Imidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used insecticide with potential toxicity to non-target organisms.
• Accurate quantification of IMI is crucial for environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a novel photoinduced (PI) flow injection (FI) chemiluminescence (CL) method for imidacloprid (IMI) estimation.
• To optimize analytical parameters and assess the method's performance for real-world sample analysis.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a diperiodatocuperate (III) (DPC)-H2SO4 chemiluminescence reaction coupled with photoinduced excitation.
• Employed solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid extraction for sample preparation.
• Optimized reagent concentrations, photomultiplier tube voltage, photo reactor coil length, sample volume, and flow rate.

Main Results:

• Achieved a linear calibration curve for IMI from 0.0001-20 mg/L (R² = 0.9999).
• Demonstrated high recoveries (95%-110%) for commercial and water samples.
• Obtained a low limit of detection (5 × 10⁻⁵ mg/L) and high injection throughput (80 h⁻¹).

Conclusions:

• The developed PI-FI-CL method is sensitive, rapid, and reliable for IMI determination.
• The method is suitable for quantifying imidacloprid in environmental water samples and commercial formulations.
• This technique provides a valuable tool for monitoring insecticide contamination.