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Catatonia-Related Clinical Challenges in Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Conditions.
Inder Kalra1, Khyati Brahmbhatt2, Soumya Sivaraman3
1Department of Psychiatry, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Group, Sutter Health, Mountain View, CA.
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|January 26, 2026
Summary
Catatonia, often linked to neurological conditions, presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms. Accurate identification is crucial for effective treatment and management in both neurological and psychiatric care.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychiatry
- Neurology
Background:
- Catatonia is a syndrome associated with psychiatric, medical, or substance use disorders.
- Neurological conditions account for a significant portion of general medical causes of catatonia.
- Understanding catatonia in neurological disorders is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diagnostic and treatment challenges of catatonia in neurological conditions.
- To focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, acquired neurological disorders, and neurocognitive conditions.
- To explore differentiation of catatonia features from common neurological findings.
Main Methods:
- Review of diagnostic and treatment challenges in three key areas: neurodevelopmental disorders, acquired neurological disorders (epilepsy, encephalitis, TBI), and neurocognitive conditions (delirium, dementia).
- Focus on differentiating catatonia symptoms from co-occurring neurological conditions.
Main Results:
- Significant overlap exists between catatonia features and neurological conditions.
- This overlap frequently leads to underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, or diagnostic uncertainty.
- Accurate catatonia identification has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Conclusions:
- Timely workup and management depend on accurate catatonia diagnosis.
- A multidisciplinary approach is vital for managing catatonia in neurological and psychiatric settings.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between catatonia and neurological conditions.
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