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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

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This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
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Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

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Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
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Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

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Mapping Symptom Complexity in Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Network Analysis Approach.

Emanuela Pizzolla1, Wissal El Ouahidi2, Kurt Segers3

  • 1Department of Computational Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Network analysis identified key symptoms like visual hallucinations and urinary incontinence in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This approach can improve DLB diagnosis and targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Dementia With Lewy BodiesNetwork AnalysisNeurodegenerationParkinson’s DiseaseSynucleinopathies

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Informatics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, often underdiagnosed due to varied symptoms.
  • Network analysis offers a novel approach to understand complex symptom interrelationships in DLB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply network analysis to DLB patients to map symptom connections.
  • Identify central symptoms and explore symptom clustering patterns for improved diagnostic precision.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 107 DLB patients' clinical records.
  • Constructed a symptom network using pairwise Markov random fields and LASSO regularization.
  • Computed centrality indices, predictability, and community detection; assessed stability via bootstrap.

Main Results:

  • The symptom network showed positive correlations; visual hallucinations and urinary incontinence had the highest centrality.
  • Identified three symptom clusters: cognitive-perceptual, motor-perceptual, and autonomic-somatic.
  • Network stability was moderately robust, with slight improvement after model revision.

Conclusions:

  • Central symptoms like visual hallucinations and urinary incontinence are potential high-yield diagnostic targets for DLB.
  • Symptom clustering patterns may represent distinct clinical dimensions in DLB.
  • Network analysis shows promise for refining DLB diagnoses and guiding interventions.