[Current status and future perspectives of endoscopic surgery for cervical radiculopathy]

Cervical radiculopathy is one of the common degenerative disorders encountered in spinal surgery. With the continuous advancement of surgical instruments and techniques, spinal surgery has entered the era of "visualized minimally invasive treatment". Guided by the principles of minimal invasiveness, precision, and functional preservation, cervical endoscopic surgery has rapidly evolved into a comprehensive technical system characterized by "posterior approaches as the mainstay，anterior approaches as complementary options，and the coexistence of uniportal and biportal techniques". Compared with traditional open procedures, spinal endoscopy offers significant advantages in soft-tissue protection, preservation of cervical stability, reduced intraoperative blood loss, and accelerated postoperative recovery, while achieving comparable or superior clinical outcomes. With the ongoing development of navigation systems and robot-assisted technologies, cervical endoscopic surgery is progressing toward greater precision and intelligence. In the future, standardization of surgical procedures and perioperative management, the establishment of multicenter long-term follow-up databases, and the integration of artificial-intelligence-based training systems will further enhance the safety, accuracy, and reproducibility of cervical endoscopic techniques, promoting a shift from surgeon-dependent experience to a standardized, evidence-driven treatment paradigm.