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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

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Structure-Selective Polydopamine Coating on Drug Nanoparticles.

Danna Niezni1, Dana Meron Azagury1, Maytal Avrashami1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polydopamine (PDA) coating is selective for small molecule drugs, challenging its universal adhesion. Molecular structure, particularly nitrogen content, dictates PDA coating behavior for improved nanoparticle stability and drug delivery.

Keywords:
decision treedrug deliverynanomedicinenanoparticlesnanoprecipitationpolydopamine

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Polydopamine (PDA) is known for its universal, substrate-independent adhesion properties.
  • Current understanding suggests PDA adhesion is governed by hydrophobic and π-π interactions.
  • The non-specific nature of PDA coating limits precise control in complex formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selectivity of polydopamine (PDA) coating on small molecule drugs.
  • To challenge the paradigm of PDA's universal, substrate-independent adhesion.
  • To develop a predictive model for PDA coating behavior based on drug molecular structure.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic screening of 30 chemotherapeutic agents within IR783-stabilized nanoparticles.
  • Utilized Dragon molecular descriptors and principal component analysis for structure-property relationship analysis.
  • Developed and validated a decision tree model based on nitrogen content and bonding topology.

Main Results:

  • PDA coating exhibited significant structure-dependent variations, contradicting universal adhesion.
  • A predictive model based on nitrogen percentage and N-C-N motifs achieved 80% classification accuracy.
  • PDA coating improved colloidal stability and reduced aggregation of representative drugs (trametinib, dasatinib) without affecting drug release.
  • In vivo studies showed enhanced efficacy and formulation stability of PDA-coated drugs in HCT116 xenografts.

Conclusions:

  • PDA coating selectivity is a previously unrecognized phenomenon driven by molecular structure, not just conventional interactions.
  • The developed computational model enables rational design of PDA-coated nanoparticles for targeted applications.
  • This discovery expands the understanding of PDA surface chemistry and its application in nanomedicine.