Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study of the Look AHEAD Trial
Teresa Gisinger1,2, Jiahuan Helen He2, Chigolum P Oyeka2,3
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Objective:
To investigate the association of sex hormones at baseline and 1 year after a lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Research Design And Methods:
This prospective study, following the Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial, of 2,260 adults with T2D, included measurements of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Baseline levels and 1-year changes were divided into sex-specific tertiles to assess the association with CV events (n = 488 events) and weight loss interactions.
Results:
In men, higher baseline total testosterone was associated with lower CV risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% CI 0.56-0.97). In men with ≥7% weight loss, SHBG increases were inversely associated with CV risk (HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.26-0.85). In men with <7% weight loss, increases in estradiol were associated with CV risk (second vs. first estradiol tertile: HR = 1.64 [95% CI 1.13-2.38]; third vs. first estradiol tertile: HR = 1.88 [95% CI 1.29-2.73]). No associations were detected in women.
Conclusions:
In men with T2D, but not women with T2D, sex hormones were associated with CV events.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Types of Hormones
Types of Hormones
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Hormonal Regulation
Hormonal Regulation

