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Assessing Oral Health Awareness Among Arab Immigrants & Refugees.

Razan Al-Obaidy1,2, Taj Najjar3, Israa Al-Jumaa2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCI School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.

Journal of Public Health Dentistry
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Arab immigrants and refugees (AIR) in Southern California face financial and language barriers to dental care. Culturally sensitive education is crucial to improve their oral health awareness, especially regarding pregnancy gingivitis risks.

Keywords:
arab immigrants and refugees (AIR)barriers to caregingivitisoral health knowledgepregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Oral Health Research
  • Immigrant Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on oral health awareness among Arab immigrants and refugees (AIR) in the U.S.
  • Global research links poor oral health outcomes to sociodemographic factors in this population.
  • This study focuses on oral health practices and awareness of pregnancy gingivitis risk among AIR in Southern California.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine oral health practices and awareness among Arab immigrants and refugees (AIR).
  • To assess knowledge of increased gingivitis risk during pregnancy within this demographic.
  • To identify sociodemographic factors associated with oral health awareness and access barriers.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted with male and female AIR participants.
  • Participants were recruited through community organizations and dental clinics.
  • Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed associations between oral health awareness, demographics, literacy, and knowledge of pregnancy-related gingivitis.

Main Results:

  • The study included 73 AIR participants (31 males, 42 females), predominantly 18-30 years old.
  • Females exhibited higher Oral Health Risk Awareness Scores than males (p < 0.006).
  • Financial and language barriers significantly impacted dental care access; only 38% knew about pregnancy gingivitis risks, despite 75% recognizing the oral-general health link.

Conclusions:

  • Financial, linguistic, and educational barriers impede AIR's oral health awareness.
  • Culturally sensitive health education and outreach are essential for this population.
  • Multilingual materials and culturally appropriate programs are needed to improve preventative dental care and address gingivitis risk knowledge.