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Area of Science:

  • Maritime History
  • Oceanography
  • Ethnoscience

Background:

  • Academic literature often overlooks traditional knowledge systems.
  • Acoustic sounding is typically considered the primary method for understanding underwater topography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that traditional fishermen possessed substantial empirical knowledge of underwater topography before acoustic sounding.
  • To analyze how this knowledge was transformed when reformatting for national fisheries maps and international legal contexts.
  • To explore the impact of knowledge reformatting on the human-ocean relationship and oceanography.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a mid-twentieth-century collection of Norwegian coastal fishermen's place names and terms.
  • Examination of the reformatting process of traditional knowledge into national fisheries maps.
  • Investigation of the role of this knowledge in the 1951 Norwegian fisheries case at the International Court of Justice.

Main Results:

  • Fishermen's vocabulary reflects advanced knowledge of underwater geography and navigation.
  • Reformatting knowledge for maps and legal settings altered its original context and meaning.
  • The transformation of traditional knowledge has significantly impacted maritime activities and ocean use parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional maritime communities held sophisticated empirical knowledge of the marine environment.
  • The process of reformatting knowledge is crucial in understanding how the ocean is perceived and utilized.
  • Knowledge transformation significantly influences human-ocean interactions and the scientific objectification of the ocean.