[The Gender Revolution - Feminization of Specialization in Obstetrics and Gynecology]

In recent decades, a gender revolution has transformed the medical profession, with women becoming the majority in the workforce and increasingly dominating obstetrics and gynecology (Ob&Gyn), particularly in residency selection.

No prior research has explored the determinants behind women's preference for this residency in Israel or its anticipated impact.

Qualitative research was conducted using unstructured, in-depth, interviews with 64 medical students randomly selected from Ben-Gurion University and the Technion, alongside 24 senior doctors and residents from the gynecology divisions at Soroka University Medical Center and Rambam Health Care Campus. The data subsequently underwent comprehensive thematic, focused, and interpretive analysis.

Among female medical students, obstetrics and gynecology is highly favored (41.4%). The primary motivation was professional interest (97%). Yet, many express concerns regarding work conditions that impact both personal and family life (42% and 37%, respectively). The clerkship exerts a crucial influence on residency decisions, as cited by 86% of students. Conversely, senior physicians worry that the increasing feminization will diminish its prestige and lower salaries. However, among students, such concerns are secondary; 62% believe that the shift towards predominantly female physicians will substantially shape the future trajectory of the field.

Within a decade, obstetrics and gynecology will evolve into a field predominantly led by female physicians. This gender shift will transform work routines and reshape healthcare systems with significant impact in Israel and across the western world confronting comparable trends.