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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus
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A Decade On: The Evolving Renaissance in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease

Charles Beaman1,2, Shadi Yaghi3, David S Liebeskind1

  • 1Department of Neurology & David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)
|January 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease causes many strokes globally. Current treatments offer limited improvement, highlighting the need for better risk stratification and precision medicine approaches for improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a leading cause of stroke worldwide.
  • Despite research, medical therapies for ICAD yield marginal improvements, with high recurrent stroke rates.
  • Effective risk stratification and optimized therapeutic strategies for ICAD remain significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of ICAD pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and treatment strategies.
  • To explore the integration of imaging and serum biomarkers for personalized ICAD management.
  • To identify future research directions for improving long-term patient outcomes in ICAD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of ICAD pathophysiology, imaging, lifestyle modifications, medical therapy, and endovascular treatments.
  • Analysis of current clinical acumen for risk stratification and therapeutic optimization.
  • Discussion on incorporating novel biomarkers and precision medicine for ICAD.

Main Results:

  • Current medical therapy for ICAD has shown limited success in reducing recurrent stroke rates.
  • There is a lack of effective methods for precise patient risk stratification and treatment optimization.
  • Integrating advanced imaging and serum biomarkers is crucial for developing individualized treatment plans.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced understanding of ICAD mechanisms and disease course is essential.
  • Precision medicine approaches, utilizing biomarkers, hold promise for improving ICAD patient outcomes.
  • Future clinical trials should focus on elucidating key disease mechanisms to improve long-term management.

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