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Participation experience in self-care program for type 2 diabetes: A mixed-methods study.

Mihwan Kim1, Haejung Lee2, Gaeun Park3

  • 1Master's Student, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

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|January 26, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with type 2 diabetes in a personalized self-care program showed improved behaviors and glycemic control. Tailored strategies using the transtheoretical model (TTM) are needed to help those struggling to progress.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2Mobile applicationsPatient complianceSelf careTranstheoretical model

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health Interventions
  • Behavioral Science
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes requires effective self-care strategies.
  • Mobile applications offer potential for personalized diabetes management.
  • The transtheoretical model (TTM) provides a framework for understanding behavior change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore patient experiences in an automated personalized self-care program for type 2 diabetes.
  • To assess changes in self-care behavior and glycemic control.
  • To evaluate stages and readiness for change using the TTM.

Main Methods:

  • Mixed-methods study involving 16 patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Quantitative analysis of participant characteristics, self-care behavior, and TTM stages.
  • Qualitative content analysis of program experiences using Elo and Kyngas method.

Main Results:

  • The compliance group (CG) demonstrated improved self-care behavior and glycemic control.
  • CG participants were more often in the action stage for exercise and diet, less for blood glucose testing and medication.
  • CG reported higher readiness to change and motivation; non-compliance group (NCG) had higher personal motivation and perceived more barriers to app use.

Conclusions:

  • Differences between CG and NCG highlight the need for TTM-based strategies.
  • Interventions should focus on facilitating NCG progression to the action stage.
  • Personalized support is crucial for overcoming barriers in mobile health diabetes management.