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PANoptosis in urological diseases: molecular mechanisms, pathological roles, and emerging therapeutic opportunities

Xin Di1, Xin Jin2, Shuqiang Feng3

  • 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, integrates apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. This pathway is crucial in urological diseases and offers new therapeutic targets for improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Death Research
  • Immunology
  • Urology

Background:

  • PANoptosis is a novel inflammatory programmed cell death pathway.
  • It integrates features of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
  • PANoptosis is regulated by the PANoptosome complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of PANoptosis.
  • To highlight PANoptosis's dual role in tissue damage and antitumor immunity.
  • To discuss diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for PANoptosis in urological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PANoptosis.
  • Analysis of PANoptosis's role in urological disease pathogenesis.
  • Exploration of multi-omics, nanomaterial delivery, and combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis plays a significant role in urological diseases like kidney injury and cancers.
  • It exhibits a dual function, causing tissue damage while also stimulating antitumor immunity.
  • Novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting PANoptosis are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis is a key pathway in urological diseases.
  • Targeting PANoptosis offers potential for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Advances in technology like single-cell sequencing enhance precision medicine for PANoptosis.
Keywords:
PANoptosisbiomarkerscell death mechanismstherapeutic targetingurological diseases

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