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Development of Control Methods for Submicron Particulate Matter Emissions and Inhalation Exposure from Cosmetic Spray

Gui Dai1, Luoqiu Quan1, Xinghua Jiang1

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Summary

Cosmetic sprays emit inhalable particulate matter (PM), posing respiratory risks. Modifying spray nozzle designs, like using tapered tubing, significantly reduces particle deposition in the respiratory tract.

Keywords:
Cosmetic spray productsaerosol particlesexposure controlparticle depositionrespiratory health

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Aerosol Science
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Cosmetic spray products offer convenient personal care but release inhalable particulate matter (PM).
  • Limited research exists on PM emissions from cosmetic sprays applied to the face and neck, and on exposure reduction strategies.
  • Inhalation of PM from cosmetic sprays may pose respiratory health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate particle size distribution and concentrations emitted from cosmetic spray products.
  • To quantify respiratory deposition doses of inhaled PM using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model.
  • To develop and test engineering modifications for spray actuators to reduce inhalation exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory analysis of particle size distribution, number, and mass concentrations for 12 cosmetic spray products under simulated real-use conditions.
  • Application of the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model to estimate deposition doses in the head, tracheobronchial, and pulmonary regions.
  • Development and testing of modified actuator structures, including external tubing and altered mechanical breakup designs.

Main Results:

  • Significant PM emissions were observed, influenced by nozzle design and product composition, with maximum PM10 concentrations reaching 1.03 × 10^6 #/cm3 (number) and 36.17 mg/m3 (mass).
  • Tapered tubing modifications proved most effective, reducing submicron particle deposition doses by 88.6% (number) and 65.7% (mass).
  • Proposed engineering controls demonstrated significant reductions in inhalation exposure without compromising product delivery efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmetic spray products can be a significant source of inhalable PM, with varying exposure risks depending on the product.
  • Modified actuator designs, particularly tapered tubing, offer a practical and effective method for reducing inhalation exposure to cosmetic spray aerosols.
  • The study provides cost-effective engineering strategies for minimizing respiratory health risks associated with cosmetic spray use.