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Association Between Long-term Use of H2 Receptor Antagonists and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in

Shao-Fu Wang1, Yu-Chen Liu2,3, Phung-Anh Nguyen4,5,6,7

  • 1School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of Cancer
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Long-term use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists like cimetidine and ranitidine may increase prostate cancer risk in older men. Famotidine showed no significant association, indicating age and drug-specific risks.

Keywords:
cancer riskcimetidinehistamine-2 receptor antagonistsprostate cancerranitidine

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacoepidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The link between long-term histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use and prostate cancer risk is not well-established.
  • Understanding age-specific risks associated with H2RA use is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between long-term H2RA use and prostate cancer risk, focusing on age-specific effects.
  • To evaluate the risk of prostate cancer based on specific H2RA medications and patient age.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide case-control study utilizing Taiwan's Health and Welfare Data Science Center database (2003-2016).
  • Matched 43,578 prostate cancer cases with 174,312 controls.
  • Defined long-term use as cumulative exposure of 60 days or more; employed conditional logistic regression for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Long-term H2RA use was linked to a modest increase in prostate cancer risk, particularly in men aged 65 and older (aOR=1.087).
  • Cimetidine and ranitidine showed increased risk in older men, while famotidine had no significant association.
  • Cimetidine use in men aged 40-64 was associated with reduced risk (aOR=0.865), suggesting age-dependent effects.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term use of cimetidine and ranitidine may elevate prostate cancer risk in older men.
  • Famotidine use was not associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
  • Drug-specific and age-dependent risk evaluations are necessary in cancer pharmacoepidemiology research.