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Non-continuous neuromodulation in awake, unrestrained felines increases bladder capacity.

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Behavioral Monitoring and Neuromodulation of Feline Voiding Function.

Zhonghua Aileen Ouyang1, Nikolas D Barrera1, Vlad I Marcu2

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Summary
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This study demonstrates that neuromodulation parameters can be effectively tested in awake animals for bladder dysfunction. Specific frequencies and intensities of pudendal nerve stimulation influenced voiding intervals and efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Urology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Neuromodulation is a key treatment for bladder dysfunction.
  • Preclinical studies often use anesthesia, potentially altering bladder function.
  • Anesthetized models limit the evaluation of neuromodulation in awake, behaving subjects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess typical neuromodulation parameters in an awake, large-animal model.
  • To evaluate the impact of pudendal nerve stimulation on bladder activity.
  • To validate a translational model for bladder neuromodulation research.

Main Methods:

  • Aseptic surgery in felines to implant bladder catheters and pudendal nerve cuff electrodes.
  • Monitoring bladder pressure and voiding events during saline infusions in awake animals.
  • Applying electrical stimulation (5 or 33 Hz; 1.5 or 2x motor threshold) to the pudendal nerve.

Main Results:

  • Animals tolerated supra-threshold stimulation when gradually applied.
  • 5 Hz stimulation prolonged the voiding interval compared to 33 Hz and no stimulation.
  • 33 Hz stimulation at 2x motor threshold improved voiding efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The awake, large-animal model successfully replicated trends from non-behavioral studies.
  • Specific neuromodulation parameters can modulate voiding interval and efficiency.
  • This model supports further research into translational bladder neuromodulation.