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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
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Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
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Multifunctional rGO/Y2O3@hydroxyapatite bioceramics: structural, optical, and biomedical properties.

Elbadawy A Kamoun1, Asmaa Elawadly2, Merna H Emam3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia ekamoun@kfu.edu.sa badawykamoun@yahoo.com +201283320302.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/yttrium oxide (Y2O3) composites offer dual functionality for bone regeneration and cancer therapy. These novel bioceramics show enhanced optical properties and significant antibacterial activity, paving the way for advanced biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a key component in bone tissue engineering.
  • Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) can impart novel properties to biomaterials.
  • There is a need for multifunctional materials for combined bone regeneration and cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize HAp/rGO/Y2O3 composites for dual applications.
  • To investigate the structural, optical, and functional enhancements of HAp upon incorporation of rGO and Y2O3.
  • To evaluate the potential of these composites in bone regeneration and cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Composites were prepared using ethanol-assisted wet blending, followed by drying and heat treatment.
  • Structural and optical properties were analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
  • Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and biofilm reduction were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • XRD confirmed phase purity, and FT-IR validated functional group interactions.
  • SEM showed dense, homogeneous morphologies with reduced particle sizes (~380 nm).
  • Optical bandgap narrowed from 5.42 eV (HAp) to 4.73 eV (composite), enhancing light absorption.
  • Significant biofilm reduction (>90%) against Gram-positive bacteria was observed.
  • Cytotoxicity studies showed high CC50 values (>100 µg mL-1) for most composites, indicating safety.
  • Composites demonstrated potential for synergistic anticancer activity and osteoconductivity.

Conclusions:

  • HAp/rGO/Y2O3 composites exhibit enhanced physicochemical and optical properties.
  • These nanocomposites show promise as dual-functional materials for bone healing and localized cancer treatment.
  • The developed materials are suitable for integrated bone regeneration and targeted cancer therapy platforms.