Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

9.4K
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
9.4K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

2.2K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
2.2K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.2K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.2K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.7K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.7K
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

25
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
25
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

27
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
27

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resilience Mitigates the Link between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Musician's Dystonia: A Neuroendocrine and Psychological Perspective.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Music Ensemble: a large dataset on musicianship, cognition, and personality in musicians and nonmusicians.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Associations between neuropsychological profile and regional brain FDG uptake in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2025
Same author

Increased functional connectivity of motor regions and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in musicians with focal hand dystonia.

Journal of neurology·2025
Same author

Stress in Musicians with and Without Focal Dystonia Is Not Reflected in Limbic Circuit Activation.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2024
Same author

A Short Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Quality of Life Scale.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

8.7K

Divergent Recovery Paths in Musicians' Dystonia.

Johanna Doll-Lee1,2, Edoardo Passarotto3, Eckart Altenmüller2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, DE.

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.)
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Embouchure dystonia (ED) significantly impacts musicians' playing ability more than Musician's Hand Dystonia (MHD). ED patients experience poorer outcomes and fewer treatment options, highlighting an urgent need for new therapies.

Keywords:
Embouchure DystoniaFocal Hand DystoniaMusician’s Dystonia

More Related Videos

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

24.7K
Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

8.7K
Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

24.7K
Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Music Medicine
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Musician's dystonia presents as Musician's Hand Dystonia (MHD) or embouchure dystonia (ED).
  • ED affects more muscle groups than MHD, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Current treatments like botulinum toxin injections and anticholinergic drugs are less effective or unsuitable for ED.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare long-term subjective playing abilities between ED and MHD patients.
  • To evaluate changes in playing ability over time post-treatment in both groups.
  • To identify differences in therapeutic intervention seeking between ED and MHD.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal comparison of subjective playing abilities.
  • Analysis of playing ability at dystonia onset and post-treatment.
  • Evaluation of temporal variations in playing ability.

Main Results:

  • ED patients reported significantly lower playing ability at onset and currently compared to MHD patients.
  • Significant improvement in playing ability over time was observed only in the MHD group.
  • Fewer ED patients pursued therapeutic interventions, indicating limited treatment accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • Embouchure dystonia has a poorer prognosis than Musician's Hand Dystonia.
  • Increased muscle involvement in ED and fewer compensatory strategies contribute to worse outcomes.
  • There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for musicians with embouchure dystonia.