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A Systematic Review of Gallbladder Anomalies.

Hideo Takahashi1,2, Rhea Raj1, Amanda Hughes2

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Gallbladder anomalies are rare congenital defects. Early recognition and standardized management are crucial to prevent surgical complications like bile duct injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Gallbladder anomalies are rare congenital defects with potential for symptomatic gallstone disease.
  • Undiagnosed anomalies increase risks of surgical complications, including bile duct injuries and incomplete cholecystectomy.
  • Limited standardized guidelines exist for these rare conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and consolidate current knowledge on the classification, diagnosis, and management of gallbladder anomalies.
  • To highlight the clinical significance and challenges associated with these rare congenital defects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review excluding single case reports.
  • Database search yielding 3,789 articles, with 164 undergoing full-text review.
  • Inclusion of seven case series meeting predefined criteria.

Main Results:

  • Selected studies covered embryological development, classification, diagnostic imaging, and surgical approaches.
  • Common diagnostic imaging modalities included ultrasound, MRCP, and CT scans.
  • Gallbladder anomalies present diagnostic and surgical challenges, elevating bile duct injury risk.

Conclusions:

  • Greater awareness and standardized guidelines are essential for managing gallbladder anomalies.
  • Early recognition and tailored interventions are key to optimizing patient outcomes.
  • The review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to improve surgical safety and efficacy.