A Systematic Review of Gallbladder Anomalies

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Anatomy
• Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

• Gallbladder anomalies are rare congenital defects with potential for symptomatic gallstone disease.
• Undiagnosed anomalies increase risks of surgical complications, including bile duct injuries and incomplete cholecystectomy.
• Limited standardized guidelines exist for these rare conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and consolidate current knowledge on the classification, diagnosis, and management of gallbladder anomalies.
• To highlight the clinical significance and challenges associated with these rare congenital defects.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review excluding single case reports.
• Database search yielding 3,789 articles, with 164 undergoing full-text review.
• Inclusion of seven case series meeting predefined criteria.

Main Results:

• Selected studies covered embryological development, classification, diagnostic imaging, and surgical approaches.
• Common diagnostic imaging modalities included ultrasound, MRCP, and CT scans.
• Gallbladder anomalies present diagnostic and surgical challenges, elevating bile duct injury risk.

Conclusions:

• Greater awareness and standardized guidelines are essential for managing gallbladder anomalies.
• Early recognition and tailored interventions are key to optimizing patient outcomes.
• The review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to improve surgical safety and efficacy.