Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

Organization of the Brain

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Role of Perfusion Parameters on Outcomes and Safety of Endovascular Therapy in Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke.

Stroke·2026

Same author

Standardizing Global Pediatric Stroke Pathways: Insights From a Global Survey Conducted by the Society of Neurointerventional Surgery Pediatric Special Interest Group.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same author

Displacement of synthetic cranioplasty implant due to mechanical failure of titanium fixation plating: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026

Same author

Residual tumor volume guides post-surgical treatment paradigm and need for salvage radiotherapy in vestibular schwannoma management.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Same author

Cerebral Edema in Patients With Large Ischemic Core After Thrombectomy: A Secondary Analysis of SELECT2 Randomized Trial.

Stroke·2026

Same author

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Adjunctive Management of Hydrocephalus Associated With Previously Embolized Vein of Galen Malformations.

Neurosurgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Modern Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Models: A Review.

Maximilian J Bazil¹, Tomoyoshi Shigematsu¹, Alejandro Berenstein¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery Cerebrovascular Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)

|January 26, 2026

Summary

Recent technological advancements have revolutionized arteriovenous malformation (AVM) modeling, moving beyond traditional methods to incorporate 3D printing and advanced imaging for better treatment testing and analysis.

More Related Videos

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

Published on: February 3, 2016

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Published on: September 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

Published on: February 3, 2016

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Published on: September 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Vascular Biology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins, bypassing capillary circulation.
Early research by Hunter, Virchow, and Luschka laid the foundation for understanding AVMs, particularly cerebral AVMs.
Traditional AVM models often relied on animal studies or anatomical analysis before recent technological shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution and current state of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models in scientific literature.
To analyze the impact of recent technological innovations on the development of novel AVM modeling techniques.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted using keywords 'brain,' 'arteriovenous malformation,' and 'model.'
489 articles were identified, and after screening, 41 were selected for detailed review.
The review focused on advancements in vascular modeling over the last decade.

Main Results:

Technological innovations, including 3D flow models and 4D flow MRI, have significantly advanced AVM modeling.
Developments in preservation solutions, catheterization, and imaging have enabled new models like the cerebrovascular placental model.
These novel models facilitate testing of various AVM treatments, including radiosurgery and embolization.

Conclusions:

The field of AVM modeling has undergone a technological revolution in the past decade.
Current models offer sophisticated platforms for evaluating AVM treatments and understanding disease pathology.
This review synthesizes the breadth of AVM models reported over the last five decades.