Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...

Fixed Action Patterns

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

Physiological Barriers

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Real-world treatment patterns and determinants of therapy in systemic sclerosis: findings from the German Network for SSc cohort.

Arthritis research & therapy·2026

Same author

Csf1r-mediated depletion of myeloid cells prevents dopaminergic neuron loss during chronic colitis.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

In vitro modeling of inflammatory bowel diseases using a newly developed immunocompetent colon epithelial monolayer co-culture model.

npj biomedical innovations·2026

Same author

Coordinated Interferon-γ/Tumor Necrosis Factor axis Drives Selective Loss of Activated Enteric Glia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2026

Same author

The endogenous peptide GPR15L shapes the intestinal microbiota to counteract colitis.

Gut·2026

Same author

Hydrogen sulfide as a therapeutic candidate in diabetic retinopathy: a new perspective from gas medicine.

Medical gas research·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Combining Human Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip Technology to Model Intestinal Region-Specific Functionality

Combining Human Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip Technology to Model Intestinal Region-Specific Functionality

Published on: May 5, 2022

Advanced human organoid-on-chip with physiological cellular complexity reveals bidirectional secretion patterns.

Inga Viktoria Hensel^1,2, Szabolcs Éliás¹, Michelle Steinhauer¹

¹BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

|January 26, 2026

Summary

We developed a human intestinal organoid-on-chip model to study how epithelial cells manage gut immunity. This advanced platform reveals cell-specific responses to stimuli, aiding in understanding gut barrier function and developing new therapies.

Keywords:

biological sciences biomedical engineering immunology

More Related Videos

Whole-mount Retinal Organoid Visualization with Cellular Resolution

Whole-mount Retinal Organoid Visualization with Cellular Resolution

Published on: June 20, 2025

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Combining Human Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip Technology to Model Intestinal Region-Specific Functionality

Combining Human Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip Technology to Model Intestinal Region-Specific Functionality

Published on: May 5, 2022

Whole-mount Retinal Organoid Visualization with Cellular Resolution

Whole-mount Retinal Organoid Visualization with Cellular Resolution

Published on: June 20, 2025

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Immunology
Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Intestinal epithelial cells form a critical barrier, regulating immune responses through asymmetric secretion.
Understanding how epithelial cell types and stimuli influence this secretion is vital for gut homeostasis.
Existing models lack the complexity to fully recapitulate in vivo human intestinal physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish and characterize a human intestinal organoid-on-chip (OoC) model.
To investigate cell type-dependent barrier integrity and gene expression profiles.
To analyze the impact of external stimuli on epithelial cell secretome and immune regulation.

Main Methods:

Development and characterization of a human intestinal organoid-on-chip (OoC) system.
RNA-sequencing and microscopy for evaluating cell type-specific expression profiles.
Secretome analysis to assess bidirectional secretion patterns in response to various stimuli.

Main Results:

The OoC model successfully recapitulated human intestinal barrier function.
Demonstrated cell type-dependent responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, gliadin, and cytokines.
Identified asymmetric bidirectional secretion patterns influenced by specific stimuli.

Conclusions:

The developed OoC model is a powerful platform for studying human intestinal epithelial barrier function.
This model provides insights into epithelial cell-mediated innate immunity under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
The OoC system offers potential for advancing personalized therapeutic strategies for gut-related diseases.