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Delayed Respiratory Failure After Sulfuric Acid Mist Inhalation From a Foaming Lead-Acid Battery.

Rio Saruta¹, Yuya Suzuki¹, Kasumi Satoh²

¹Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center Akita University Hospital Akita Japan.

Acute Medicine & Surgery

|January 26, 2026

Summary

Delayed hypoxemia after sulfuric acid inhalation from lead-acid batteries is rare. This case highlights a subacute presentation requiring supportive care and corticosteroids for recovery.

Keywords:

aerosols chemical pneumonia glucocorticoids occupational exposure oxygen inhalation therapy

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Pulmonary Medicine
Environmental Health

Background:

Sulfuric acid inhalation can lead to severe respiratory damage and failure.
Delayed hypoxemia following exposure to acid aerosols from lead-acid batteries is infrequently reported.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a rare case of delayed respiratory failure after sulfuric acid aerosol inhalation.
To discuss the management of subacute sulfuric acid inhalation injury.

Main Methods:

A case presentation of an 80-year-old auto mechanic exposed to lead-acid battery aerosols.
Diagnostic workup including chest CT, microbiological tests, and autoantibody panel.
Treatment with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and systemic corticosteroids.

Main Results:

The patient developed dyspnea and type I respiratory failure 13 days post-exposure.
Chest CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities and consolidation.
Rapid clinical improvement was observed with oxygen therapy and corticosteroids.

Conclusions:

Sulfuric acid inhalation can present with a delayed, subacute, and progressive course.
Multimodal supportive care and selective use of systemic corticosteroids are crucial for managing severe cases.