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Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

$Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography$

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

High-Temperature Isostructural Phase Transition in Ce₂(MoO₄)₃: A Rare Phenomenon Investigated through X‑ray

Zeyna Dos Santos Viegas¹, Alan Silva de Menezes¹, Cleânio Luz-Lima²

¹Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP 65080-800 São Luís, MA, Brazil.

|January 26, 2026

Summary

Cerium-(III) molybdate (Ce2(MoO4)3) exhibits a rare isostructural phase transition at high temperatures. This study investigated its thermal behavior, revealing insights into Scheelite-type compounds for materials science.

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$On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature$

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Chemistry
Rare-Earth Chemistry

Background:

Cerium-(III) molybdate (Ce2(MoO4)3) has industrial applications but its high-temperature behavior is unknown.
Understanding thermal properties is crucial for advanced material development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in situ temperature-dependent structural and spectroscopic properties of Ce2(MoO4)3.
To identify and characterize any phase transitions under extreme temperatures.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal synthesis.
In situ temperature-dependent powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Successful hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline Ce2(MoO4)3 confirmed.
Stable low-temperature phase (13-303 K) identified.
Anomalies in lattice parameters, microstrain, and crystallite size above 583 K.
Emergence of a new band in Raman spectra at 452 cm⁻¹ above 848 K, indicating an isostructural phase transition (IPT).

Conclusions:

Ce2(MoO4)3 undergoes a rare isostructural phase transition at high temperatures.
Findings enhance understanding of Scheelite-type compounds.
Potential for developing novel materials with unique thermal properties.