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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Interphase00:54

Interphase

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The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
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Interphase00:56

Interphase

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The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Seeding a Gradient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries.

Kai Tang1, Liyin Tian1, Zihan Shen1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Nano Letters
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a chromium nitride coating for anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs). This coating improves the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), enhancing battery stability and energy density for practical applications.

Keywords:
Anode-Free Lithium Metal BatteryCrN NanofilmFiltered Cathodic Vacuum ArcLithium Dendrite MitigationSolid-Electrolyte Interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) offer high energy density and safety.
  • However, their practical application is limited by parasitic reactions and unstable solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the cycling stability and energy density of AFLMBs.
  • To develop a scalable method for creating protective coatings on current collectors.

Main Methods:

  • Coating copper foil with chromium nitride (CrN) nanofilms using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA).
  • Characterizing the resulting gradient solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its components.
  • Fabricating and testing anode-free pouch cells under lean-electrolyte conditions.

Main Results:

  • The CrN coating facilitated the formation of a gradient SEI with a LiF-rich surface and CrF3-rich middle layer.
  • The gradient SEI effectively mitigated parasitic electrolyte decomposition and improved Li+ transport.
  • Anode-free pouch cells achieved a high energy density of 453 Wh kg-1 under lean-electrolyte conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Chromium nitride nanofilms provide a scalable route to lithiophilic coatings for AFLMBs.
  • The developed gradient SEI significantly improves the cycling life and performance of AFLMBs.
  • This advancement brings anode-free lithium metal battery technology closer to practical implementation.