The role of vitamin D in pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 229 women with GDM were assigned to receive 200 IU of vitamin D twice daily or a placebo for 6 weeks alongside standard care. Biomarkers and pregnancy outcomes were assessed.

Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels, improved oxidative stress markers (increased GSH and decreased MDA), and reduced hs-CRP compared to placebo. The vitamin D group had a lower neonatal birth weight and a reduced incidence of macrosomia. No significant differences were found in fasting glucose changes or most other obstetric outcomes.

A 6-week vitamin D supplementation in women with GDM improved vitamin D status, ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation, and was associated with reduced neonatal birth weight and macrosomia, without significantly affecting glycemic control.