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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Colloidal rod dynamics under large amplitude oscillatory extensional flow.

Steffen M Recktenwald1, Vincenzo Calabrese1,2, Amy Q Shen1

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We studied how cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) rods align in changing flows. Nonlinear responses occur at high flow rates and fast changes, impacting predictions for industrial processes like film casting.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Polymer Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding colloidal rod dynamics is crucial for materials processing.
  • Transient flows significantly influence particle orientation.
  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are model rod-like colloids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the orientational dynamics of colloidal rods under time-dependent planar elongational flow.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical models for monodisperse and polydisperse systems.
  • To provide insights for optimizing industrial processes involving rod-like colloids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microfluidic device to apply controlled, time-dependent elongational flow to CNC suspensions.
  • Employed quantitative flow-induced birefringence to measure CNC orientation dynamics.
  • Performed simulations of monodisperse and polydisperse systems, matching rotational diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Observed nonlinear birefringence responses at higher Péclet numbers (Pe₀) due to particle alignment.
  • Identified asymmetric responses and residual effects at higher Deborah numbers (De) due to limited rod response time.
  • Achieved semiquantitative agreement between experiments and polydisperse simulations, especially for longer CNC rods.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the complex orientational behavior of colloidal rods in modulated flows.
  • Findings highlight the importance of Péclet and Deborah numbers in dictating colloidal dynamics.
  • Results aid in predicting and optimizing the behavior of rod-like materials in transient processing flows like fiber spinning and film casting.