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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

71.2K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

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Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
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Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

2.4K
Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
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Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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van der Waals Nanochemical Reactors.

Zhaoyi Joy Zheng1,2, Haosen Guan1, Danrui Ni3

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.

Nano Letters
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Van der Waals (vdW) stacks act as nanochemical reactors for synthesizing high-quality single crystals of quantum materials. This versatile method enables the growth of elemental and compound crystals for advanced electronic discoveries.

Keywords:
nanoreactorssynthesisvan der Waals materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Synthesizing high-quality single crystals for quantum electronics is difficult for novel materials.
  • Existing methods face limitations in scalability and material compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the utility of van der Waals (vdW) stacks as nanochemical reactors for single-crystal synthesis.
  • To explore the broad applicability of this method for growing diverse quantum materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized vdW stacks as nanoreactors by encapsulating atomically thin reactants within inert vdW layers.
  • Achieved nanoconfined synthesis, resulting in encapsulated single crystals.
  • Synthesized elemental tellurium and palladium-tellurium (Pd-Te) compound crystals.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed high crystalline quality of synthesized tellurium and Pd-Te single crystals via structural characterization.
  • Observed the intrinsic semiconducting gap in tellurium crystals.
  • Discovered superconductivity in nonstoichiometric PdTe1-x with reduced tellurium content.

Conclusions:

  • vdW nanoreactors offer a generalizable, chip-integrable, and nanofabrication-compatible approach for single-crystal synthesis.
  • This method expands the accessible landscape of quantum materials for electronic applications.
  • The technique is suitable for various processing conditions and material types.