Novel duck reovirus: A comprehensive review of molecular pathogenesis and advances in diagnosis and vaccination

Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is an economically significant pathogen that poses an evolving threat to the duck industry, particularly given the absence of licensed vaccines. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advances in NDRV research. We elucidate the mechanisms by which NDRV subverts host defenses, primarily through viral protein-mediated suppression of innate antiviral signaling, disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, and systems-level alterations in immune cell dynamics and inflammatory responses. We also critically discuss progress in field-applicable diagnostics and emerging vaccine candidates in the context of the expanding molecular epidemiology of NDRV. Collectively, these insights highlight current knowledge, key research gaps, and priorities for controlling this evolving pathogen.