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Multicystic Encephalomalacia in Early Infancy: A Neuroimaging Case Report

Sanket Vinubhai Davra1, Ratnapriya Srivastava2, Reva Gupta1

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Maharashtra, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|January 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Multicystic encephalomalacia (MCE) is a severe outcome of birth asphyxia in newborns. Early neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosing MCE, guiding treatment, and predicting long-term neurodevelopmental issues.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric neuroimaging
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

  • Multicystic encephalomalacia (MCE) is a rare but serious condition resulting from perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.
  • It affects neonates and can lead to significant long-term neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of MCE in an infant with a history of birth asphyxia.
  • To emphasize the role of early neuroimaging in diagnosing MCE and informing prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 1.5-month-old male infant.
  • Clinical presentation included fever and focal seizures.
  • Diagnostic tools included neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • Imaging revealed extensive bilateral cystic changes and cerebral atrophy, consistent with MCE.
  • The infant had a history of birth asphyxia and prolonged NICU stay.

Conclusions:

  • Early neuroimaging is vital for identifying MCE patterns.
  • Timely diagnosis aids in prognostication, seizure management, and caregiver counseling regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Keywords:
Atrophie cérébraleCerebral atrophyasphyxie périnataleconvulsionsencéphalopathie hypoxique-ischémiquehypoxic–ischemic encephalopathyhypoxie néonataleneonatal hypoxiaperinatal asphyxiaseizures

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