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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Microalgae-Derived Metal Nanostructures: Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Applications.

Jaya Lakkakula1,2, Palak Kalra1, Hrutvik Mungaji1

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Green chemistry using microalgae offers a sustainable method for producing novel nanoparticles for biomedical uses. These microalgae-derived nanoparticles show significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties with good biocompatibility.

Keywords:
bioactive compoundsbiomedical applicationsbiosynthesisgreen chemistrymicroalgaenanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Green Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microalgae offer a sustainable and eco-friendly source for nanoparticle synthesis due to their rapid growth and bioactive compounds.
  • Traditional chemical synthesis of nanoparticles often involves toxic reagents and harsh conditions, posing environmental and health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biosynthesis processes of microalgae-derived nanoparticles.
  • To explore the biomedical applications of these nanoparticles, focusing on their characterization and efficacy.
  • To investigate the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis parameters such as pH and metal ion concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Biosynthesis of copper, gold, iron, and silver nanoparticles using various microalgal species.
  • Optimization of synthesis conditions including pH and metal ion concentration.
  • Characterization of nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, and XRD.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized nanoparticles ranged from 2 to 149 nm with distinct crystalline structures.
  • Microalgae-derived silver nanoparticles demonstrated potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and selective anticancer activities.
  • Nanoparticles exhibited high biocompatibility with minimal toxicity to normal human cells.

Conclusions:

  • Microalgae-derived nanoparticles represent a promising green chemistry approach for developing novel biomedical materials.
  • Further research is crucial to optimize production and fully realize the potential of these nanomaterials in healthcare.
  • These findings highlight the potential of microalgae as a sustainable platform for advanced nanomaterial development.