Sperm Retrieval in Non-Azoospermic Patients with Intact Ejaculation: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Urology
• Andrology

Background:

• Existing research on sperm retrieval primarily targets azoospermic patients.
• Non-azoospermic men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) can encounter ejaculatory difficulties.
• Approximately 10% of men with normal sexual function experience transient ejaculatory failure during ART cycles, disrupting treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of sperm retrieval combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for non-azoospermic men with ejaculation difficulties.
• To highlight the importance of structured management for transient ejaculatory failure in ART candidates.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review.
• It evaluates existing literature on sperm retrieval techniques in the context of assisted reproduction.
• Focuses on managing semen collection difficulties in non-azoospermic individuals undergoing ART.

Main Results:

• Sperm retrieval techniques are effective in cases of ejaculatory failure in non-azoospermic ART candidates.
• Timely intervention and structured management are crucial for successful sperm retrieval.
• Optimized ICSI outcomes are achievable with appropriate management strategies.

Conclusions:

• Sperm retrieval combined with ICSI is a viable strategy for non-azoospermic ART candidates experiencing ejaculatory issues.
• Standardized protocols for managing transient ejaculatory failure should be implemented in ART settings.
• Effective management ensures optimal ICSI success rates and improves patient treatment pathways.