Heart Transplantation: Focus on Rejection and the Rare Complication of Eosinophilic Myocarditis

Many patients with heart failure (HF) progress to an advanced stage, characterized by persistent symptoms despite maximal therapy. Heart transplantation (HT) remains the most effective treatment option for improving the survival of patients with advanced HF. This is true even with advancements in medical therapy for HF and the development of mechanical circulatory support systems. Over the past few decades, HT has undergone significant evolution, leading to greatly improved success rates. However, HT recipients face the risk of several potential complications that can negatively impact their outcomes. In this article, we aim to provide a practical framework for clinicians involved in heart transplant medicine. Additionally, we offer an update on a recent and relatively unknown complication of HT: eosinophilic myocarditis (EM).