Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

6.4K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
6.4K
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

968
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
968
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

1.1K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.1K
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

492
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
492
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

864
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
864
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

554
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
554

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Triggering of viral and bacterial respiratory infection hospitalizations by traffic pollution exposure in a cohort of hospitalized adults.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Early-life gut microbiome composition and rotavirus vaccine-induced IgA responses in U.S. infants: a longitudinal cohort study.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same author

Discriminating Bacterial from Nonbacterial Lower Respiratory Tract Infection within Clinical Subgroups of Hospitalized Adults.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

PXN Unlocks the Power of Public Gene Expression Data Through Cross-Technology Integration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Translating the ABCSs into HIV Care: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal of general internal medicine·2026
Same author

A place for common ground: the history of the National Institute of Health and Research in the United States.

Pediatric research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.5K

Nasal Biomarkers of Acute Illness Severity and Predictors of Recurrent Wheeze in Infants Infected With Respiratory

Mary T Caserta1, Thomas J Mariani1, Edward E Walsh2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is linked to recurrent wheeze. Nasal gene expression during RSV infection can predict future recurrent wheeze in infants.

Keywords:
RSVdifferentially expressed genes (DEG)iGRSSmicrobiomerecurrent wheeze

More Related Videos

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.3K
Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.5K
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.3K
Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Microbiome Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of infant hospitalizations.
  • Infants with RSV disease show an increased likelihood of developing recurrent wheeze.
  • Understanding the factors influencing RSV severity and long-term respiratory outcomes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between nasal airway gene expression and microbiome composition during acute RSV infection.
  • To correlate these findings with respiratory illness severity and the development of recurrent wheeze in infants.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for predicting recurrent wheeze post-RSV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of previously healthy infants with confirmed RSV infection (2019-2023).
  • Collection of nasal swabs and washes for metagenome and transcriptome sequencing.
  • Assessment of disease severity using the improved Global Respiratory Severity Score (iGRSS) and 1-year follow-up for recurrent wheeze.
  • Application of multivariate regression models to analyze gene expression and microbiome data.

Main Results:

  • 405 genes were significantly associated with illness severity, particularly those in Innate Immune and Interleukin Signaling pathways.
  • Nasal microbiome composition showed associations with severity: Dolosigranulum inversely and Haemophilus directly correlated with iGRSS.
  • Nasal gene expression during acute RSV infection accurately predicted recurrent wheeze (cross-validated AUC=0.882), outperforming microbiome data.

Conclusions:

  • Nasal gene expression and microbiome profiles during primary RSV infection are associated with acute disease severity and recurrent wheeze.
  • Host transcriptional signatures in the nasal airway during RSV infection serve as predictive markers for subsequent recurrent wheeze.
  • This study highlights the potential of host gene expression as a predictive tool for long-term respiratory outcomes in infants post-RSV.