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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
Published on: June 21, 2024
Development of a self-report measure of living with cochlear implants (LivCI): a content evaluation
E Laird1, C Sucher2,3, M Ferguson3,4
1School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
Objective:
To develop items and evaluate content validity of a new patient-reported outcome measure, Living with Cochlear Implants (LivCI), designed to assess personal and psychosocial factors relevant to adult cochlear implant (CI) users and candidates.
Design:
The LivCI was developed following COSMIN best practice guidelines and involved extensive stakeholder engagement. Items (n = 87) were initially generated within five key themes: convenience and management, function and participation, stigma and identity, visibility and aesthetics, and psychosocial wellbeing.
Study Sample:
Content validity was assessed via cognitive interviews with CI users (n = 7) and candidates (n = 7), and an online survey of CI professionals (n = 15) that evaluated item relevance, clarity and theme fit.
Results:
Lived experience participants found most items relevant and clear, with some revised or removed based on ambiguity or redundancy. Experts rated items highly (mean 3.6-3.9 out of 4), following removal of seven items and reclassification of several others. Readability scores met recommended standards for public-facing health measures. Further psychometric testing has reduced items and validated the LivCI.
Conclusions:
Content validity with stakeholders was a key stage in the development of the LivCI. The LivCI was shown to assess personal and psychosocial factors relevant to adult CI users and candidates.
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