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Warming Reduces Parasitoid Success and Narrows Their Diet Breadth.

Chia-Hua Lue^1,2, Mélanie Thierry^1,3,4, Leonardo Ré Jorge^1,3

¹Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

Ecology Letters

|January 27, 2026

Summary

Experimental warming negatively impacts parasitoid development and narrows host range in tropical rainforests. This suggests warming will weaken top-down control, threatening parasitoid populations and altering ecosystem balance.

Keywords:

climate change community food web redundancy specificity top‐down control

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Climate Change Biology
Entomology

Background:

Understanding the impact of rising temperatures on ecological networks is crucial.
Previous studies often examine limited interactions, hindering generalization of climate change effects.
Assessing impacts on consumer diet breadth and top-down control requires broader network analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of experimental warming on parasitoid development and host range.
To evaluate the consistency of warming impacts across diverse parasitoid species.
To compare the effects of warming versus cooling on insect-host interactions.

Main Methods:

Studied 28 Drosophila-parasitoid interactions within a tropical rainforest food web.
Implemented experimental warming and cooling treatments.
Assessed parasitoid developmental success and host utilization.

Main Results:

Experimental warming significantly reduced parasitoid developmental success across all studied interactions.
Warming narrowed the diversity of hosts that parasitoids could successfully parasitize.
Experimental cooling had minimal effects on both parasitoids and hosts.
Host developmental success was less affected by warming compared to parasitoid success.

Conclusions:

Experimental warming is likely to weaken the top-down control exerted by parasitoids.
The host range of parasitoids is predicted to contract under warming scenarios.
These changes may threaten parasitoid population sustainability and alter trophic level dynamics.