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Identification of GOS Disaccharide Isomers Using cIMS-MS/MS.

Bram van de Put1, Cindy Steven1, Carolina O Pandeirada1

  • 1Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (cIMS-MS) with lithium adducts effectively separates and identifies isomeric disaccharides. This method simplifies oligosaccharide analysis by deducing composition from drift times and linkage from fragmentation patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Characterizing isomeric oligosaccharides like galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in complex mixtures presents a significant analytical challenge due to the vast number of possible structures.
  • The exponential increase in structural possibilities with higher degrees of polymerization (DP) makes obtaining a complete set of analytical standards difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined capabilities of cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (cIMS) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation for the identification of isomeric disaccharides.
  • To evaluate the performance of different metal adducts (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium) in cIMS separation and CID fragmentation of galactose and glucose-based disaccharides.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the separation and fragmentation of isomeric disaccharides using combined cIMS and CID.
  • Compared the drift time selectivity and fragment yields of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium adducts.
  • Analyzed how cIMS drift times and CID fragmentation patterns correlate with disaccharide composition and linkage types.

Main Results:

  • Lithium adducts demonstrated superior performance in cIMS, offering good resolution and significantly higher fragment yields compared to other metal ions.
  • cIMS drift times were primarily influenced by disaccharide composition, consistently showing an order of Gal-Gal < Gal-Glc < Glc-Glc for identical linkage types.
  • CID cross-ring fragmentation patterns proved to be specific to linkage types, with minimal dependence on composition or anomeric configuration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cIMS-MS/MS approach enables straightforward identification of unknown disaccharides by determining monosaccharide composition from drift times and linkage type from CID fragmentation.
  • This method reduces the need for higher DP oligosaccharide standards, offering a pathway for analyzing complex oligosaccharide mixtures.
  • These findings represent a crucial advancement for the identification of larger oligosaccharides using cIMS-MS-based techniques.