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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

452
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
452
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

428
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

387
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
387
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

511
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
511
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

465
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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Cell Saver in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Helping or Hurting?

Harsh Jain1, Ranbir Ahluwalia1, Advith Sarikonda1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Neurosurgery
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Cell Saver (CS) use in adult spinal deformity surgery increases intraoperative transfusions and medical complications. This study questions the safety of CS in these complex procedures, showing no benefit to postoperative hematocrit.

Keywords:
Cell salvageComplicationsDeformityMean arterial pressureTransfusions

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal Surgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Cell Saver (CS) is intended to reinfuse a patient's own blood during surgery.
  • Concerns exist regarding the quality and safety of blood products processed by CS.
  • Its utility in complex orthopedic procedures like adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and impact of Cell Saver (CS) use in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.
  • To determine the effect of CS on intraoperative transfusions, postoperative hematocrit, and complication rates.
  • To investigate secondary outcomes including intraoperative hypotension and length of stay.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ASD surgery from 2009-2023.
  • Inclusion criteria: ≥5-level fusion, significant spinal deformity, and ≥2-year follow-up.
  • Multivariable analysis controlled for confounding factors such as age, sex, BMI, and operative time.

Main Results:

  • CS use was associated with longer operative times and higher blood loss.
  • Patients using CS had paradoxically higher intraoperative transfusion rates and blood product usage.
  • CS was independently linked to increased transfusions, medical complications, and prolonged intraoperative hypotension.

Conclusions:

  • Cell Saver (CS) use in ASD surgery is associated with increased intraoperative transfusions and complications.
  • Prolonged intraoperative hypotension was also linked to CS use.
  • The study questions the safety and efficacy of CS in ASD surgery, as no improvement in postoperative hematocrit was observed.