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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Aerodynamics
  • Bionics

Background:

  • Frictional resistance on impeller machinery blades significantly impacts efficiency.
  • Shark skin-inspired microstructures offer a promising approach for drag reduction.
  • Fabricating microstructures on 3D curved surfaces presents engineering challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate drag reduction laws for bionic microgroove surfaces on small axial flow fans.
  • To determine optimal dimensions for bionic microstructures on fan blade surfaces.
  • To enhance aerodynamic performance and efficiency through biomimetic surface engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Design of Experiments (DOE) combined with high-precision numerical simulation.
  • Utilized steady-state (k-ω model, simpleFoam) and unsteady (Large Eddy Simulation, pimpleFoam, WALE) simulations.
  • Fabricated microstructured surfaces using a spray coating process based on grooved flat plate data.

Main Results:

  • Microgroove dimensions (dimensionless height h+, width s+) in the range of 8.50-29.75 achieved effective drag reduction.
  • Bionic fan blades showed significantly reduced shaft power consumption.
  • Static pressure efficiency increased by 2.33% (micro-dimples) and 3.46% (micro-grooves).

Conclusions:

  • Bionic microstructured surfaces effectively reduce drag and improve the aerodynamic performance of axial flow fans.
  • The proposed spray coating fabrication method facilitates the engineering application of bionic drag reduction technology.
  • This research provides a pathway for enhancing the efficiency of turbomachinery through biomimicry.