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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
Published on: March 9, 2017
Integrated Microfluidic Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Biosensor Platform for Magnetoresistive Immunoassay of
Yikai Wang1, Huaiyu Wang2, Yunyun Zhang2
1Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China.
Abstract:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rapidly progressing cardiovascular condition associated with high mortality. Myoglobin is an early biomarker of AMI; however, its detection using conventional methods is limited by complex workflows and low resistance to interference. In this study, we developed an integrated myoglobin detection platform that combined magneto-immunoassay with microfluidic technology. A giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor was fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The designed microfluidic chip integrated sample pretreatment, immunoreaction, and magnetic signal capture functionalities. Its built-in GMR sensor, labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, directly converted the "antigen-antibody" biochemical signal into detectable magnetoresistance changes, thereby enabling the indirect detection of myoglobin. A magneto-immunoassay analysis system consisted of a fluidic drive, magnetic field control, and data acquisition functions. Various key parameters were optimized, including EDC/NHS concentration, antibody concentration, and magnetic bead size. Under the optimal conditions and using 1 μm magnetic beads as labels and an external detection magnetic field of 60 Oe, the platform successfully detected myoglobin at 75 ng/mL with ∆MR ≥ 0.202%. Specificity tests demonstrated that the platform had high specificity for myoglobin and could effectively distinguish myoglobin from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and troponin I. This study presents a rapid, accurate myoglobin detection platform that can be applied for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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