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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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MR-Guided Radiotherapy in Oesophageal Cancer: From Principles to Practice-A Narrative Review.

Su Chen Fong1,2,3, Eddie Lau4,5, David S Liu6,7,8

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) shows promise for oesophageal cancer treatment by improving accuracy and reducing radiation to organs. However, more research is needed to confirm long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords:
MR-LinacMR-guided radiotherapyadaptive radiotherapydiffusion-weighted imagingfunctional MRImotion managementoesophageal cancerpersonalised radiotherapytumour delineation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Oesophageal cancer has poor survival rates despite current treatments.
  • Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer potential improvements in radiotherapy delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of MRI and MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) in oesophageal cancer.
  • Focus on staging, treatment planning, response assessment, and MR-Linac delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MRI and MRgRT in oesophageal cancer.
  • Emphasis on MR-Linac technology and functional MRI sequences.
  • Comparison of MRI with computed tomography (CT) for tumour delineation.

Main Results:

  • MRI provides superior soft-tissue contrast for accurate tumour delineation and reduced margins.
  • Real-time imaging and adaptive planning enhance motion management and accommodate anatomical changes.
  • Functional MRI offers quantitative response monitoring.
  • Early studies show MRgRT reduces radiation dose to organs at risk while maintaining target coverage.

Conclusions:

  • MRgRT shows potential for improved oesophageal cancer treatment delivery.
  • Clinical evidence is limited to early-phase studies; no Phase II/III trials confirm survival benefits.
  • Further prospective, outcome-focused studies are required to establish long-term clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness.