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Related Experiment Video

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Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
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Insulin Resistance in Bipolar Disorder: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study.

Andrea Aguglia1,2, Matteo Meinero1, Valentina Aprile1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to greater illness burden in bipolar disorder (BD), including longer duration and more symptoms. Metabolic screening may improve outcomes in BD patients.

Keywords:
HOMA-IRbipolar disorderclinical severityinsulin resistancemetabolic dysfunctionprecision psychiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is increasingly viewed as a multisystem condition.
  • Metabolic abnormalities, especially insulin resistance (IR), may correlate with BD severity and neuroprogression.
  • Existing data on IR in BD is preliminary and heterogeneous, with limited research on hospitalized patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR) and clinical characteristics in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 86 inpatients with BD.
  • Systematic investigation of sociodemographic, clinical, and metabolic data.
  • Insulin resistance defined by HOMA-IR index ≥ 2.5.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-eight patients (32.6%) met criteria for IR.
  • Insulin resistant patients had longer illness duration, more residual symptoms, and higher rates of psychiatric hospitalizations.
  • IR subgroup showed greater polypharmacy, daily alcohol use, higher BMI, triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol and physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin resistance is associated with markers of greater illness burden in bipolar disorder.
  • These findings suggest IR may be a core component of BD, not just a consequence.
  • Routine metabolic screening and metabolically neutral treatments could enhance long-term outcomes in BD.