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A Bipolar Membrane Containing Core-Shell Structured Fe3O4-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Direct Seawater Electrolysis.

Hyeon-Bee Song1, Eun-Hye Jang1, Moon-Sung Kang1

  • 1Department of Green Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea.

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|January 27, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel bipolar membrane (BPM) using iron oxide-chitosan nanoparticles for efficient direct seawater electrolysis (DSWE). The enhanced BPM significantly boosts hydrogen production by preventing precipitate formation and improving water-splitting flux.

Keywords:
bipolar membranechitosancore–shell catalystdirect seawater electrolysishydrogen productioninorganic precipitatesiron oxidewater-splitting performance

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Seawater electrolysis offers a sustainable hydrogen source.
  • Multivalent ions in seawater cause cathode precipitation, reducing direct seawater electrolysis (DSWE) efficiency.
  • Bipolar membranes (BPMs) can mitigate precipitation by regulating pH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a high-performance BPM for enhanced DSWE.
  • To improve BPM water-splitting performance using a novel catalyst.
  • To investigate the effect of catalyst loading on BPM efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with cross-linked chitosan.
  • Incorporated the core-shell catalyst into BPMs.
  • Evaluated water-splitting flux and DSWE performance.

Main Results:

  • The Fe3O4-chitosan catalyst showed excellent dispersibility and catalytic activity.
  • Optimal catalyst loading was found to be approximately 3 μg cm⁻².
  • The developed BPM achieved a 18.6% higher water-splitting flux than a commercial BPM.
  • DSWE tests showed lower cell voltage and stable performance over 100 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The Fe3O4-chitosan modified BPM effectively enhances DSWE efficiency and stability.
  • This approach offers a promising solution for practical hydrogen production from seawater.
  • The developed BPM technology contributes to advancing renewable energy solutions.